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A fusion of architecture, chemistry and biotechnology gives rise to ultra-ecological yeast construction

Yeast biomass can be shaped using a 3D printer into desired forms — even directly at the construction site.

See this and other fascinating projects on display in the Designs for a Cooler Planet on 5 Sept – 28 Oct 2025.
Close-up of material made of yeast
Photo: Malgorzata Zboinska

Yeasts are familiar to many from baking and brewing. Now, Aalto University researchers, in collaboration with their partners, have harnessed the growth potential of yeast for construction. They have 3D-printed yeast biomass into building blocks and wall panels suitable for interior use.

Yeast grows at an astonishing rate when fed a sugar-rich diet. Just 10 milligrams of yeast can expand into a ton of biomass in only one week.

A robot-controlled 3D printer assisted in printing the biomass. The process requires no heat, produces no waste material, and can be carried out directly at the construction site. Yeast-based construction is thus ultra-ecological.

“In the future, the cultivation of new biomaterials could also make use of the vast side streams generated by food production, agriculture, and the forest industry. This reduces the need for virgin raw materials,” says Professor Tiina Nypelö.

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Mycotecture – Sustainable Construction with Yeast

The image shows a person holding a small, open, lamp-like object with both hands. The object has wooden covers and is filled with folded white paper. The paper resembles an accordion, giving a sense of lightness and airiness. The background is plain and light-colored, emphasizing the object’s form and details. The person wears a black long-sleeved garment and a dark purple wristband.

Designs for a Cooler Planet

Aalto University’s biggest annual exhibition showcases interdisciplinary experiments at Marsio, Otakaari 2. Open 5 Sept – 28 Oct 2025.

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