ELLIS Institute Finland is a world-class research hub in AI and machine learning and part of the European Laboratory for Learning and Intelligent Systems (ELLIS).
Tired of swiping? Now an AI simulation helps us understand why
Screen logging tells us where smart phone users tap and swipe, but now researchers have developed a musculoskeletal model that helps understand the physical effort that goes into these motions
Prolonged scrolling is bad for your well-being, but is it also physically tiring? Until now, we haven’t really been able to say. This is why researchers from Aalto and Leipzig universities created a new AI model that makes it possible to simulate muscle activations and used energy to work out how physically effortful smartphone interactions are for users.
'It’s the first time anyone has developed a tool that can help designers and developers quickly assess how physically tiring a real mobile user interface could be,’ says Antti Oulasvirta, Professor at Aalto University and ELLIS Institute Finland. ‘So far, smartphone logs have only told us where a finger has touched the screen – not whether or not it’s felt comfortable.'
To bridge this gap, Oulasvirta and his colleagues at Leipzig University developed Log2Motion, an AI model that translates smartphone logs into simulated human motion. Movement of this musculoskeletal simulation is based on data from previous motion capture studies.
In the simulation, a human model consisting of digital bones and muscles moves its index finger to interact with a smartphone laid out on a desk. Through a software emulator, the model can use real mobile apps in real time. It can re-enact logs collected on users to illuminate what happened during interaction. The Log2Motion model then estimates the motion, speed, accuracy and effort of these biomechanical movements.
The model provides entirely new horizons for smartphone use research – as well as design.
'We found that some gestures are harder to perform – in this case, up-down and down-up swipes,' explains Oulasvirta. 'Small icons and locations toward the corners of the display also require additional effort.'
Using such simulation early in the process could help designers create user-friendly interfaces. It can also provide insight into accessibility needs for users with tremors, reduced strength or prosthetics.
'It is possible to scale the Log2Motion model to simulate other scenarios, such as the more classic: laying on the couch, holding the phone in one hand and scrolling with the thumb,' Oulasvirta says.
The researchers hope that human simulations would be adopted to help design interactions that are more ergonomic and pleasant for users. In the future, these simulations could be combined with other AI methods to optimise user interfaces to a user’s needs.
The paper, 'Log2Motion: Biomechanical Motion Synthesis from Touch Logs', will be presented on 17 April at CHI 2026, the leading conference on human–computer interaction. It is also available online through (DOI: 10.1145/3772318.3790773).
Researchers investigate how AI could better understand humans
Antti Oulasvirta has received a EUR 2.5 million Advanced Grant by the European Research Council (ERC) for the study of user models.
Read more news
International educational project at Aalto University funded by the TFK Programme
The Bio-Design for Low Carbon Architecture (Bio-LCArch) project is a collaborative initiative between Aalto University in Finland and Beijing Jiaotong University in China, geared toward demonstrating how bio-based materials can facilitate the construction industry's transition to net-zero emissions.
A!BP attends the 14th Nordic Symposium on Building Physics
On 08.06-10.06, the A!BP research group attended NSB 2026 in Tampere, contributing to the conference with scientific presentations and collaborative workshops on bio-based materials.
The company established by three anthropologists relied on strong research expertise
Etnografinen tutkimustoimisto Kenno Oy was established in 2014 when its three founders were finalising their master's degree studies at the University of Helsinki and wanted to create an interesting job for themselves.