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Quantum technology is poised to disrupt things like telecommunications, ICT energy consumption and scientific research in the coming years and decades. The global market value is  to reach up to 90 billion euros by 2035. It is the same year the Finnish quantum industry is  to need around 3000 new skilled employees to maintain the country’s pioneering status and meet goals laid out in the national Quantum Technology Strategy.

Aalto University, as a leader in Finnish quantum technology, is now announcing the new AaltoQ20 quantum computer, open for research and educational use. The purpose of Q20 is to educate future talent in the field, carry out pioneering research and develop new quantum technology. Q20, which Aalto owns, combines the university’s signature approach of learning-by-doing, low hierarchy and world-class research infrastructures.

Q20 was constructed with research infrastructure funding from the Research Council of Finland from 2022 to 2026. Department of Applied Physics Professor Tapio Ala-Nissilä and Staff Scientist Suman Kundu led the project. The quantum computing giant IQM and leading cryogenics manufacturer Bluefors, both of which got their start at the Department, contributed crucial components.

‘As Finland’s fourth quantum computer, the Q20 is a show of strength for the Finnish quantum ecosystem of universities, companies and research organizations. Q20 allows Aalto to have its own computer for researchers to easily access, and students in the Quantum Technology major will get to use it as part of their studies, which is rare even on a global scale,’ Ala-Nissilä says.

Bleeding-edge tech for researchers and students

Ala-Nissilä says Europe has a few quantum computers owned by universities, but Q20 is a radical departure from them.

‘Many of the university quantum computers we’ve seen so far have been mostly experimental and their purpose has been to accrue experience about building them. Q20 represents the latest in quantum computing and has been built for the express purpose of carrying out quantum calculations.’

Jan Goetz, CEO and Co-founder of IQM who delivered components to Q20 and is set to be listed on the U.S. stock market, reminds that direct ownership carries additional benefits.

‘When institutions like Aalto University own their quantum computers, it means their data, their IP, and their expertise stay theirs. That’s not a feature — that’s a strategic posture to enable world-class research and education. Aalto Q20 is Finland’s fourth proof point that IQM’s strategy to empower customers is a winning strategy,’ Goetz says.

Q20, which gets its name from the 20 units of quantum calculational power, or qubits, it contains, has been designed to allow researchers access beyond  quantum circuits down to the level of microwave pulses deep in the machine. This is why Q20 can be used for research that cannot be done with commercial quantum computers.

“Aalto and CSC researchers have already used Q20 to study things like quantum computing algorithms and quantum machine learning. So from the get-go Q20 has been producing not just fundamental research but contributing to new quantum technologies.’

An arc of decades

According to Ala-Nissilä, the decision to build Q20 mostly in-house can turn out hugely consequential.

‘In the 1950s researchers built an analogue computer by themselves rather than buying one from a manufacturer. That formed the basis for expertise that eventually led to the rise of Nokia more than 30 years later. I believe the Q20 project could have a similar impact decades down the line.’

Aalto’s quantum computer wouldn’t have been possible without the decades of investment that has also led to Finland’s leading status in the global competition to master quantum technology.

‘Quantum technology expertise at Aalto has its roots in the inception of the Low Temperature Laboratory in the 1960s and in the emphasis on nanotechnology in the late 1990s and early 2000s. It shows just how crucial it is to develop expertise and foster foundational research over decades.’

Q20 is a part of , the Finnish quantum computing infrastructure maintained by VTT, Aalto University, and CSC - IT Center for Science. Researchers can access Q20 through FiQCI and the LUMI supercomputer.